How to do subscript and superscript in Excel for text and numbers

Apply superscript or subscript format

Every time you want to format text in Excel, open the Format Cells dialog box. It allows you to quickly apply the superscript, subscript, and strikethrough effect or whatever formatting you want.

In case of superscript and subscript, there is one hurdle. You can't just apply the format normally to the entire cell because this would move all the text above or below the baseline, which is almost certainly not what you want.

Here are the steps to insert subscript or superscript correctly:

1. Select the text you'd like to format. For this, double click a cell and select the text using the mouse. Or you can go the old-fashioned way - click the cell and press F2 to enter edit mode.
2. Open the Format Cells dialog by pressing Ctrl + 1 or right-click the selection and choose Format Cells… from the context menu.
   
3. In the Format Cells dialog box, go to the Font tab, and select Superscript or Subscript under Effects.
   
4. Click OK to save the change and close the dialog.

Done! The selected text will be subscripted or superscripted depending on which option you've ticked off.

Keyboard shortcuts for superscript and subscript in Excel

Although there is no shortcut in its pure sense to add subscript or superscript in Excel, this can be done with a couple of key combinations.

Add Superscript and Subscript icons to Quick Access Toolbar

In Excel 2016 and higher, you can also add the Subscript and Superscript buttons to their Quick Access Toolbar (QAT). Here are the steps for this one-time setup:

1. Click the down arrow next to the QAT in the upper left corner of the Excel window, and choose More Commands… from the pop-up menu.
   
2. Under Choose commands from, select Commands Not in the Ribbon, scroll down, select Subscript in the list of commands, and click the Add button.
3. In the same way, add the Superscript button.
4. With both buttons added to the list of commands on the right pane, click OK to save the changes.
   

And now, you can simply select the text to be subscripted or superscripted in a cell or in the formula bar, and click the corresponding icon on the Quick Access Toolbar to apply the format:

Moreover, a special keyboard shortcut is assigned to each Quick Access Toolbar button enabling you to subscript and superscript in Excel 2016 with a single key stroke! The key combinations vary depending on how many buttons your QAT accommodates.

To find out the superscript and subscript shortcuts on your computer, hold the Alt key and look at the Quick Access Toolbar. For me, they are as follows:

• Subscript shortcut: Alt + 4
• Superscript shortcut: Alt + 5

Add Subscript and Superscript buttons to Excel ribbon

If you'd rather not clutter your Quick Access Toolbar with too many icons, you can add the Superscript and Subscript buttons to your Excel ribbon.
Because custom buttons can only be added to custom groups, you will have to create one. Here's how:

1. Right-click anywhere on the ribbon and select Customize the Ribbon… from the pop-up menu. This opens the Excel Options dialog box.
2. In the right part of the dialog box, under Customize the Ribbon, select the desired tab, say Home, and click the New Group button.
3. Click the Rename button to give the newly added group a name you like, e.g. My Formats. At this point, you will have the following result:
   
4. In the left-hand drop-down list, under Choose commands from, select Commands Not in the Ribbon, then choose Superscript in the list of commands, and click Add.
5. Next, select Subscript in the list of commands and click the Add button again.
   
6. Click OK to save the changes and close the dialog box.

Now, you can subscript and superscript in Excel by clicking the corresponding button on the ribbon:

How to remove subscript and superscript formatting in Excel

Depending on whether you want to remove all or particular subscripts/superscripts in a cell, select the entire cell or only the subscripted/superscripted text, and do the following:

1. Press Ctrl + 1 to open the Format Cells… dialog box.
2. On the Font tab, clear the Superscript or Subscript checkbox.
3. Click OK.

The subscript and superscript formats can also be deleted by pressing the respective keyboard shortcut or clicking the corresponding button on the ribbon and QAT if such buttons are added in your Excel.

How to write subscript and superscript in Excel

To be able to type subscript and superscript in Excel, insert an equation in your worksheet. Here's how you can do this:

1. Go to the Insert tab, Symbols group, and click the Equation button.
   
2. This will take you to the Design tab, where you click the Script button in the Structures group, and select the desired format, for example Superscript.
   
3. Click the squares, type your values, and you are done!
   

Alternatively, you can click the Ink Equation button and write your math using the mouse. If Excel understands your handwriting, it will show the preview correctly. Clicking the Insert button will insert your input in a worksheet.

Caveats: This method inserts your math as an Excel object, not cell value. You can move, resize and rotate your equations by using the handles, but you cannot reference them in formulas.

Excel superscript shortcuts for numbers

Microsoft Excel provides an easy way to insert superscripted numbers in cells, as long as they are 1, 2, or 3. Simply type the following numbers on the numeric keypad while holding down the Alt key:

By using these shortcuts, you can type superscripts in empty cells and attach them to existing numbers:

Caveats:

• These shortcuts work for Calibri and Arial If you are using some other font, the character codes may be different.
• The numbers with superscripts are turned into numeric strings, meaning you won't be able to perform any calculations with them.

How to make superscript in Excel with a formula

Another quick way to do superscript in Excel is by using the CHAR function with the corresponding code.

Superscript¹ formula: =CHAR(185)

Superscript² formula: =CHAR(178)

Superscript³ formula: =CHAR(179)

This method comes in handy when you'd like to preserve the original numbers. In this case, you concatenate the CHAR function with the original number and enter the formula in the next column.

For example, that's how you can add superscript two to the number in A2:

=A2&CHAR(178)

Caveat: As with the previous method, the formula output is a string, not number. Please notice the left-aligned values in column B and right-aligned numbers in column A in the screenshot above.

How to superscript and subscript in Excel with custom format

If you'd like to add superscript to a range of numbers, a faster way would be creating a custom format. Here's how:

1. Select all the cells to be formatted.
2. Press Ctrl + 1 to open the Format Cells… dialog.
3. On the Number tab, under Category, select Custom.
4. In the Type box, enter 0, which is the digit placeholder, then hold the Alt key as you type the corresponding superscript code.

   For example, to create a custom number format for superscript 3, type 0, press the Alt key, type 0179 on the numeric keypad, then release Alt.

5. Click OK.

The superscripted numbers will look similar to this:

To make a custom subscript format or superscript format with numbers other than 1, 2, or 3, copy the needed character from here. For example, to insert superscript 5, set up a custom format with this code: 0⁵. To add subscript 3, use this code: 0₃.

To remove superscripts, simply set the cell format back to General.

Caveat: Unlike the previous method, Excel custom number format does not change the original value in a cell, it only changes the visual representation of the value. In the above screenshot, you can see 1³ in cell A2, but the formula bar displays 1, meaning the actual value in the cell is 1. If you reference A2 in formulas, its real value (the number 1) will be used in all calculations.

How to do superscript in Excel with VBA

In case you need to quickly add a certain superscript to the entire column of numbers you can automate the creation of a custom number format with VBA.

Here is a simple one-line macro to add Superscript Two to all selected cells.

To add other superscripts, replace Chr(178) with the corresponding character code:

Superscript One: Chr(185)

Superscript Three: Chr(179)

This macro can also be used to attach the degree sign to the numbers in the selected cells. For this, use Chr(176), and your numbers will get formatted in this way:

The step-by-step instructions on how to insert and run VBA code in Excel can be found here. Or, you can download our sample workbook with all superscript macros and open it alongside your own workbook. Then, in your workbook, press Alt + F8, select the desired macro, and click Run.