Comments on: Using logical functions in Excel: AND, OR, XOR and NOT

Last week we tapped into the insight of Excel logical operators that are used to compare data in different cells. Today, you will see how to extend the use of logical operators and construct more elaborate logical tests to perform more complex calculations and more powerful data analysis. Excel logical functions such as AND, OR, XOR and NOT will help you in doing this. Continue reading →

Comments page 3. Total comments: 567

  1. thanks this note are very helpful to me as a student

  2. Does RIGHT,LEN,FALSE belong to the logical category

    1. Hi!

      FALSE is categorized under Logical functions; RIGHT and LEN belong to the category of Text functions.

  3. I need help please, i need to a formula about this problem, from jan. 26,2019 to feb. 25, 2019 there are four fridays and 27 working days. The thing i need is on calculating working days minus the working hours for the whole month, see below example
    BG5 BH5 BI5
    Total Working Hrs Total Regular Hrs Total Overtime Hrs
    is from jan26 to feb25 is only 260 hrs is what i also need formula
    and the january month has 31 therefore the total days until february 25 is also 31 days but i need only 26 working days and 4 days fridays. I tried the formula for total overtime as this:=IF(BG5=>BH5,BG5-BH5,0) it only applies when there is only 30 days a month and 4 fridays but does not gave me when there are 5 fridays in a month and also if there is 31th day of the month.
    Any help is Greatly appreciated!

  4. If cell B2 = 43830 (which is December 31, 2019 and assuming that cell B2 does say December 31, 2019) and if (-5 + 2 +7)>0 which is also true, how do I write this to make it work in an IF/AND statement?

    Any help is Greatly appreciated!

    1. =if(and(b2=date(2019,12,31),(-5+2+7)>0),"value if true","value if false")

  5. This article was extremely well-made and useful. Thanks! One question tho, when using a formula with the same format as =OR($C1"", $D2"") , could I instead do =OR(C1:C2"") ?

  6. Hi all,

    I need assistance with the following conditions for a sales model.

    The user wants to sell widgets and they do not want be charged for the 1st 5000 sales. They will then be billed $20 for each widget over 5000 sales. They also only want to pay for a maximum number of widgets (10,000) even if sales exceed this level.
    Any assistance would be greatly appreciated.

  7. Hi Team,

    I need assistance, currently the formula below, works Ok for Text "2019" value in particular column, We converting mmm,dd, yyyy to MM/dd/yyyy. Since the file now contains some "2020" value in text the formula does not convert. I need the Formula to work for Text "2019" or "2020" as well. Please shed some light!!!

    1. =(TEXT(SUBSTITUTE(report!B2,"2019,","2019"),"mm/dd/YYYY"))

  8. HI
    Can you help me
    How to merge the following formula Merged In Excel please suggest
    1.(SUMIF(C1:C8,C5,L1:N7))
    2.IF(I5,"<0",0)

  9. Can you help me write the formula for the following situation: Family Reunion Fees for
    different age groups. I have 2 columns: Column #1 Age; Column #2 Reunion Fee.
    Reunion Fee has these categories:
    If Age is between 13 and 100 then the fee is $125
    If Age is between 4 and 12 then the fee is $85
    If Age is 3, then the fee is $45
    If Age is between 0 and 2 the fee is $0
    I have a data form and will be type in the Age in column #1. I want Excel to select the fees. (I do have a table with the ages and the fees) I don't know how to write a formula that will look up fee for the different ages put that fee in Column #2.
    Information in a Table:
    Ages Reunion Fee
    13 to 100 $125
    4 to 12 $85
    3 $40
    0-2 $0

  10. Hi,
    Can you help me with the formula with 3 conditions to find/count >1hr login & >0 Calls = "Considered for Billing", <1hr login <0 Calls = "Not Considered for Billing", <8hrs login & <0 Calls = "Considered for Billing".
    SL User ID Total No of Calls
    1 1001 8:30:00 80
    2 1002 8:00:00 54
    3 1008 8:00:00 0
    4 1007 3:00:00 34
    5 1006 2:00:00 15
    6 1003 1:00:00 1
    7 1004 1:00:00 0

  11. I had been using lotus 123 a lot.
    In lotus for doing data querry which i filtering data in excel, i could use criterion as logical conditions like age>5#and#age5, age<9)
    does not seem to work

    Any solutions

  12. Please can someone help me solving the following problem.
    In my case
    cell values are as follows:
    D67=0,5
    D68=0,7
    D69=0,9

    When I select the value 0,5 (D67) i want it to move to D21, D22 and D23 into my calculation sheet

    and when I select 0,7 (D68) I want that this value moves to D21, D22 and D23 of my calculation sheet instead and replacing the forgoing value 0,5 ...and so on.

    Is there a solution to this problem?
    Kindest thanks for your help

    Peter

  13. Hi!
    I’m doing some investment cost analysis on a power plant project and could need some help.
    So if I have a plant from 400 MW higher use this formula to estimate cost, if below 400 MW then use this other formula with a coefficient. Do you have any ideas how I could write this?

    BR
    Marco

  14. Hi All,
    I need a formula for the following:

    If the sale date is more than a year from the purchase date then give me half the gain, if not give me the full gain.

    So...

    Purchase Date Sale Date Gain Net gain
    11/03/2018 12/03/2019 5,000 2,500
    13/03/2018 12/03/2019 5,000 5,000

  15. I have seven cells (week days),
    Monday 15
    Tuesday 20
    Wednesday 16
    Thursday 0
    Friday 0
    Saturday 0
    Sunday 0
    and, i update everyday respective day of week. So, I need an "If" formula, that calculate average only for days that their cell is different from 0? (So, if it is Thursday, when i update that cell of Thursday, I want that the average formula to calculate average of days Monday-Thursday only that their value is more than 0, not rest days).

    Thank you :)

  16. Hi
    Could you please help me
    For example
    A1. 100
    B1. 50
    I need 10%,more than B1 not greater than A1 if the value less than 10% I need A1 valvu

  17. JSC_GPA SSC_GPA HSC_GPA Out_Come
    Best Best Best ?
    Best Best Good ?
    Good Good Medium ?
    Best Good Best ?
    Best Best Good ?
    Best Best Best ?

    There are 4 possible categories
    * Best
    * Good
    * Medium
    * Low
    if 2 of then Best then Out_Come Best
    if 2 of then Good then Out_Come Good
    if 2 of then Medium then Out_Come Medium
    if 2 of then Low then Out_Come Low
    Please Help Me....

  18. sir,
    please help how to coding in Ms Excel for the give table in ONE cell.
    =IF(D10-E10=1,"1",IF(D10-E10=1, AND C10=2,"2",IF(C10-D10=2, AND E10=1,"3",IF(C10=1, ANDE10=2,"4",IF(C10-E10=2, AND D10=1,"5",IF(C10-E10-D10=2,"6"))))))
    PLZ CORRECT THE ABOVE FORMULA

  19. Hello,
    Could you please help me why my function does not work:
    =IF(OR(CO2="4 - High Professional",CO2="7 - Versatile Performer",CO2="8 - Future Star",CO2="9 - Star Performer","Top Talent",IF(CO2="0","Not Reviewed","Rest")))

    Thank you for your suggestions

  20. one day i'll understand

    1. same bro same ajwndoiwejfie

  21. Hey so im trying to pick up numbers in negative in the tabel

    Cell1 Cell2 (this is in a tabel)
    A 2
    D -1
    A -3
    A 1
    D 3
    E 2
    A -1

    If i want to only pick up the sum of all "A" that is negative numbers ignoring the positives and the other letters, anyone know how to do that? (the result should be -4 in this case)

    1. I have tried this one but dosent work.
      =SUM.IF(Cell1,"A",IF(Cell2<0,Cell2;0))

  22. I am applying double OR function inside IF but getting results in both digits as well as words
    Please suggest me

  23. rollno name eng hindi sci maths Total
    1 ram 56 100 57 76 289
    2 sham 76 68 14 20 178
    3 sita 24 91 66 59 240
    4 gita 99 83 13 77 272
    5 radha 60 63 40 40 203
    6 mohan 32 77 65 52 226

    Enter roll or name
    ram /1 56 100 57 76 289

    if enter roll name or name then all sub marks dispaly is it possible using vlookup??

  24. Hi, i want to know the formula in Excel if i need to identify the negative figures and make it zero automatically then what is the formula.

  25. I have an excel sheet with many statements giving results as "True" or "False"

    1) Now I need to introduce another column which will say if Cell A1, Cell A2, Cell A3 and Cell A4 are "True" say "Yes" if not say "No"

    2) I also need another formula which says if Cell A1 and Cell A4 are "True" and Cell A2 or Cell A3 are "True" say "Yes" if not say "No"

    Can Someone please help me

  26. Hi!
    I have 2 worksheets containing an identical layout - one is data ran last week called ‘old”containing 6000 rows of customer data and then data ran this week ‘new’ containing 7000 rows of data. Both have one header row. I need to find any changes occurred on each customer record - column A contains a unique ID for each customer and column P is the data range I need to look for changes in). NB; the data will be held on different numbered rows . So to match and highlight unique id’s/customers from column A on the old sheet to column A on the new sheet ( I can do this by using conditional formatting =COUNTIF(old!$A;$A,A2)=1 with a range of $A$:$A$9999. Then I format fill in green to highlight but then of these matched green cases I need to look in column P for any changes to compare old and new values and it’s this part of the formula I need help with.... thanks in advance for any help anyone can offer.

  27. I've been trying to figure this out for two days using various resources and I'm stuck. I feel like the solution is easy and I'm just overthinking it at this point.

    Let's say I have a table in Excel with headers and many rows of varying text and numbers, with some cells containing both (random ID numbers generated by an outside source). The table and headers have names for use in other formulas (no trouble there).

    Col_With_Hdr_1
    A Specific Name In This Cell
    Another Specific Name In This Cell

    Col_With_Hdr_8
    (123abc678ruw9257xyz)
    this is literally a blank cell
    (2756imv47zqp115mv2)
    this is literally a blank cell

    Col_With_Hdr_11
    formula result displayed as text goes here
    formula result displayed as text goes here
    this would be blank if formula result is 0 or No

    I can't figure out how to write a formula that shows

    IF Col_With_Hdr_1="A Specific Name in This Cell" then put specific text in Col_With_Hdr_11

    OR

    IF Col_With_Hdr_8 IS NOT BLANK then put same specific text in Col_With_Hdr_11

    I hope this makes sense, and I appreciate any ideas anyone may have. Thank you!

  28. Hi, I need to calculate the tax for the incomes. If the income is 5000 that is tax free. If the income is greater than 5000 and less than 12500 then, it is 12500-5000 and the remaining is taxed 2% and if the income is more than 12500 and less than 100000 then first 5000 is deducted then 12500 is deducted to be taxed 2% and then the remaining is taxed 10% and if the income is more than 100000 then the 87500 is to be taxed at 10% and then the remaining is taxed 20%. Is it possible to bring them in only one function? Thanks for your kind support.

  29. Using excel formulae, find out the following
    1. How many have neither registered nor completed any of the 3 courses?
    2. How many have registered or trained in atleast 2 of the 3 courses?
    3. How many have not been trained in any of the 3 yet?

    R - Registered for training (training not done yet)
    T - Trained
    Blank - Neither

    Name SQL SAS Excel
    Prakash R T
    Rahul R
    Rajiv
    Priya R T
    Amit T

  30. I wrote the following code. The code provides partial result correctly, but not all! I don't know what is the wrong with my code? =IF((Distance/C4)<1, E_saved,(IF((Distance/C4)<2, (E_saved-(1.8*((Distance/C4)-1))),(IF((Distance/C4)<4, (E_saved-(1.8+(3.35*((Distance/C4)-2)))),(IF((Distance/C4)<11,(E_saved-(1.8 +(3.35*2)+(2.375*(Distance/C4)-4))),0)))))))

  31. I need formular for 2 criterias,

    Increase base salary offer (X)
    if GPA is
    >3.5 by 2000
    >3.0 by 1000
    >2.5 by 500

    and additional bonus
    if experiential activity
    >4.5 $3,500
    >4.0 $3,000
    >3.0 $2,500

  32. SL P A = Error
    - P - = P
    SL P - = SL
    - P A = A

  33. hi,
    What formula could i use if i don't want a number to go over 7.5...If a number is lower, is displays the actual number but if it's higher it shows only 7.5
    THank you,

    1. HI..

      =IF(H19<7.5,H19,7.5)

  34. How to write a formula for this
    10 - 64 Reading below grade level
    65- 81 On Level
    82 - 100 Reading above grade level

    Thank you so much

    1. Hello, Arcita,
      Please try the following formula:

      =IF(A1<=64, "Reading below grade level", IF(A1<=81, "On Level", IF(A1<=100, "Reading above grade level")))

      You can learn more about Excel Nested IF in Excel in this article on our blog.

      Hope you'll find this information helpful.

  35. Hi all
    How can i insert any function in the criteria of countif
    For example i have a marks sheet i want to count that how many student get 80% or more then 80% marks in examination
    One way is i have to calculate the 80% and write in the criteria
    What is another way??

  36. I have A2=28, B2=45 to get a smaller value i applied the formula =IF(A2>B2,A2-B2,A2). So i got an answer has 28.

    My question is if i change a value in A2=50 now i should get a value has B2 in C2 cell.

    So i have entered has =IF(A2>B2,A2-B2,A2)*OR(IF(A2<B2,B2,B2))

    Still it is not working, can someone assist me how to put a formula with a proper condition?

  37. You have eliminated my sleepless night for weeks now.
    Thanks

  38. COMPLETE SUCCESS

    I used the following formulas to test and see if the date format translates to a number, which it did
    =LEFT(MONTH(D13),2)

    Then expanded it to check for output for two months - it worked
    =IF(LEFT(MONTH(D11),2)="5","May",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D11),2)="6","Jun",""))

    FORMULA WHICH WORKED (expanded it to 12 months, put Jan as 01)
    ------------------------------
    =IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="01","Jan",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="2","Feb",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="3","Mar",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="4","Apr",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="5","May",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="6","Jun",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="7","Jul",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="8","Aug",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="9","Sep",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="10","Oct",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="11","Nov",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="12","Dec",""))))))))))))

    1. Used the LEFT(MONTH(CELL_REF),2) to verify the translation of the date to number, THEN expanded it to the following, it worked.

      =IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="01","Jan",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="2","Feb",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="3","Mar",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="4","Apr",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="5","May",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="6","Jun",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="7","Jul",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="8","Aug",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="9","Sep",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="10","Oct",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="11","Nov",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D10),2)="12","Dec",""))))))))))))

      1. Sunny:
        Alright! That's a lot of nested IF's but you figured it out. Congratulations on a good use of the MONTH function.
        Thank you for sharing. I'm sure others will benefit from your work.

  39. SUCCESS:
    I was able to achieve and find the conversion of the date format to a number with "=LEFT(MONTH(D13),2)"

    THEN, I expanded the formula to:
    =IF(LEFT(MONTH(D12),2)="1","Jan", IF(LEFT(MONTH(D12),2)="2","Feb", IF(LEFT(MONTH(D12),2)="3","Mar",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D12),2)="4","Apr",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D12),2)="5","May",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D12),2)="6","Jun",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D12),2)="7","Jul",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D12),2)="8","Aug",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D12),2)="9","Sep",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D12),2)="10","Oct",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D12),2)="11","Nov",IF(LEFT(MONTH(D12),2)="12","Dec",""))))))))))))

    BUT
    The blank cells are coming up with "Jan" where it should be a blank "" as in the formula above.
    Any suggestions or input?

  40. I am trying to find a formula where if a LEFT 2 is 01, 02, 03 etc (for date 01/01/18 style), and it enters:
    - Jan if it is 01 of a 01/01/18 date format
    - Feb if it is 02 of a 02/01/18 format
    I have tried the following, but it did not work:
    =IF(LEFT(D21,2)="01","Jan",IF(LEFT(D21,2)="02","Feb",""))
    Kindly assist.
    Sunny

  41. Hi,
    Please Help.
    For testing some lower percentages requires logic test result in the list.
    READING NOW PREVIOUS RESULT ACTION
    -10% -8%
    -25% -12% REJECT
    10%
    25% POSITIVE

    FOR - VE UP TO 10% IF PREVIOUS TEST IS POSITIVE (ABOVE 0%) RE-TEST
    FOR - VE UP TO 10% IF PREVIOUS TEST IS NEGATIVE (ABOVE 0%) DOSE CHANGE
    FOR + VE UP TO 10% IF PREVIOUS TEST IS NEGATIVE (BELOW 0%) FOR CURING
    FOR + VE UP TO 10% IF PREVIOUS TEST IS POSITIVE(BELOW 0%) NEXT TEST

    READING NOW PREVIOUS RESULT ACTON
    -8.0% 5.0% RE-TEST
    -12.0% -8.0% DOSE CHANGE
    8.0% -12.0% FOR CURING
    12.0% 8.0% NEXT TEST
    22.0% 10.0% IF(A1825%,"POSITIVE,IF(AND(A18=0%,"RE-TEST"),IF(AND(A18>=0%,B18<=0%,"FOR CURING")))
    17.5% 4.0%
    2.0% -8.0%
    -6.0% -12.0%
    8.0% -1.0%
    -5.0% 8.0%

  42. i want to have logical comparision or any suitable formula for folowing condition pls guide.
    if column one value is pipe ,column 2 value is carbon steel,column 3 value is
    2Inch,column 4 value is -40 schedule,column 5 value(heat no) will be "abcd"
    also in same formula column 4 may varry like it may40,80,160 many numbers then my column 5 will be identified value to add in column 5.i.efor 40 sch colm5 value is abcd if column 4 value is 80 then column5 value is efgh,if column 4 value is 160 then column5 value is ijkl.

  43. I need help with an "IF" "AND" formula.

    I am looking for the logic when I have a test score in box B1 and want to create a rule:

    IF B1 > 0.5, but B1 0.6 and smaller than 0.7 make C1 = Level 2
    AND IF B1 > 0.7 make C1 = Level 3
    IF FALSE = Unfit

  44. This might be one of the best excel tutorials I've ever read! Very well written, and the examples really help show how the functions work.

    Thank you!

  45. Hello, I need some help with formula related to day of the week. If day = Tuesday or Thursday, a formula needs to be incremented by 1. I can get it to return True if the day is Tuesday or Thursday and have that in a column.

    I tried the formula below but it increments by 1 no matter what h3 is.
    =IF(h3="FALSE",(1+$k$3-j3),($k$3-j3))

    I also tried this but it also increments by 1 no matter what h3 is.
    =IF(h3="FALSE",($k$3-j3),(1+$k$3-j3))

  46. If have to add the print the the value in C1.
    I need add the student marks for the following condition A means if student Absent in subject.A1=Theory Marks,B1=Practical Marks,C1=Final marks Means A1+B1=C1
    case-1
    A1=5 B1=10 C1=15
    Case-2
    A1=5 B1="A" C1=05
    Case-2
    A1="A" B1=10 C1=10
    Case-2
    A1="A" B1="A" C1=0

    any body please help to write formula for that.
    Kindly give me formula for that

    1. Anurag:
      If you can simply put a "0" in A or B when student is absent then the formula is very simple. In C1 just enter =A1+B1.
      If you must enter an "A" in a cell when student is absent then put this formula in C1: =IFERROR(IF(A1="A",(0+B1),IF(B1="A",(0+A1),(A1+B1))),"Student Was Absent for Both Subjects")
      If A1 and B1 both hold "A" the IFERROR returns the message, "Student Was Absent for Both Subjects".
      You can change the cell addresses and the message to suit your needs.

  47. Hi :). I have two possible outcomes for my formula - either cell 'J' (if cell E is greater or equal to cell G and less than or equal to cell H) or cell 'K' (if cell E is less than cell G or greater than cell H). here is my formula: =IF(E3>=G3*(AND(E3<=H3)),J3),IF(OR(E3H3))),K3) which returns #VALUE

    Please help :(.

    1. Carl:
      Text and numbers don't mix very well in Excel formulas, so make sure your numbers are actually formatted as numbers.

  48. I'm looking for the correct and/or statement. When it was just AND statement, it worked. Now that I need to incorporate OR, it's not working.

    Current: =IF(AND(A46="Pending", TODAY()>E46), TODAY()-E46,"Awarded")

    Need to turn it into something that will give me the following responses.
    If A46="Closed", "Closed"

    Pretty much A46 will either be Pending, Awarded or Closed.
    Pending = Today -A46 (to give me outstanding number of days)
    Awarded = Awarded
    Closed = Closed

    HELP!

  49. Hello. how do I write for formula for:
    if K70>=33 A, if less than 33 but more than equal 28 B, if less than 28 C

    ?
    thank you

    1. macaduta,

      what i did understand was
      if there is a value >= to 33 is "A"
      then if there is a value between 28-32 is "B"
      and if there is a value 27),AND(K7032,"A",K70<28,"C")

      1. IFS(AND(AND(K70>27),AND(K7032,"A",K70<28,"C")

    2. Macaduta:
      The logic in your statement needs to be clearer.
      It should read like "If K70 is greater than or equal to 30 then A, etc.
      What is "A", "B" and or "C". Values held in other cells? Partial cell addresses?
      The second condition needs to be clarified. Is this an AND or an OR relation to the first statement?
      After Excel checks these conditions what is it supposed to do? What if none of the conditions are true?

  50. Hi all

    I need a forumla/macro for the following argument.

    The results should be returned in cell C1 by way of a changed cell colour only.

    There are a bunch of arguments applied to each cell based on the values given in cells A1 and B1.

    If any of the conditions are met in the below table then the resulting colour should be shown in cell C1

    Cell A1 AND Cell B1 then
    VL VL Green
    VL L Green
    VL M Green
    VL H Amber
    VL VH Amber
    L VL Green
    L L Green
    L M Amber
    L H Amber
    L VH Amber
    M VL Amber
    M L Amber
    M M Amber
    M H Red
    M VH Red
    H VL Amber
    H L Red
    H M Red
    H H Red
    H VH Black
    VH VL Red
    VH L Red
    VH M Red
    VH H Black
    VH VH Black

    I'm assuming I'm going to need a macro for this?

    Many thanks

    1. Jo:
      Before you look over my solution, let me say to you and anyone else seeing it that I know this formula contains about 20 too many IF/AND statements. It should be in a VLOOKUP, INDEX/MATCH or ideally in VBA code. However, the VLOOKUP and INDEX/MATCH solutions are more difficult for me to explain and the VBA is outside the scope of this blog. So, with that said I will caution you that something like this could be very difficult for anyone coming after you to follow and if you need to modify it, will be a pain. Anyway, these were the conditions you outlined so here it is.
      =IF(AND(A1="VL",B1="H"),"Amber",IF(AND(A1="VL",B1="VH"),"Amber",IF(AND(A1="M",B1="M"),"Amber",
      IF(AND(A1="M",B1="VL"),"Amber",IF(AND(A1="M",B1="L"),"Amber",IF(AND(A1="L",B1="VH"),"Amber",IF(AND(A1="L",B1="H"),"Amber",
      IF(AND(A1="L",B1="M"),"Amber",IF(AND(A1="H",B1="VL"),"Amber",IF(AND(A1="H",B1="VH"),"Black",IF(AND(A1="VH",B1="H"),"Black",
      IF(AND(A1="VH",B1="VH"),"Black",IF(AND(A1="VL",B1="VL"),"Green",IF(AND(A1="L",B1="VL"),"Green",IF(AND(A1="L",B1="L"),"Green",
      IF(AND(A1="VL",B1="L"),"Green",IF(AND(A1="VL",B1="M"),"Green",IF(AND(A1="H",B1="L"),"Red",IF(AND(A1="H",B1="L"),"Red",
      IF(AND(A1="H",B1="M"),"Red",IF(AND(A1="H",B1="H"),"Red",IF(AND(A1="M",B1="H"),"Red",IF(AND(A1="M",B1="VH"),"Red",IF(AND(A1="VH",B1="VL"),"Red",
      IF(AND(A1="VH",B1="L"),"Red",IF(AND(A1="VH",B1="M"),"Red"))))))))))))))))))))))))))
      This will put the color's words in the C cells because I needed something easy to follow during the testing. Also, you can now conditionally format the column using a IF cell text is "Amber" or whatever approach to format the cell's color. Otherwise, the Conditional Formatting formula would be a mess.
      As I say, I know there are other ways to accomplish this, but at the end of the day, I think this is the easiest, in this forum.

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